Abstract

Session presented on: Tuesday, July 23, 2013:

Purpose: As cancer treatment has become more successful, measurement of outcomes focusing on quantity, such as disease free survival, mortality, and cancer relapse rates, are insufficient. It is important to understand how individuals newly diagnosed with cancer perceive their experience and manage the day to day effects of treatment over time. The purpose of this study was to assess personal and contextual factors and cognitive appraisals and their impact on quality of life over time for individuals facing a new diagnosis of cancer.

Methods: Using a longitudinal design, 120 individuals were recruited from 3 oncology offices. Data were collected at 3 points: initial diagnosis, 4 months and 12 months following diagnosis. Based on the Transactional model of stress and coping, constructs were measured by a researcher developed instrument to assess personal and contextual factors, the Cognitive Appraisal of Health Scale, and the Quality of Life Index.

Results: The subjects (n = 84) ranged in age from 23 - 78 (M = 62, SD = 13.2). The majority were female (71%), married (79%), and retired 43%. The top 3 cancer diagnoses were: 39% breast, 18% lung, and 11% colon. 43% received chemotherapy as their initial treatment. The 7 independent variables of age, number of symptoms, time since diagnosis, cognitive appraisals of threat, challenge, harm/loss, and benign irrelevant explained 86% (F=64.77, p<.001) of the variance in quality of life scores at initial diagnosis, 79% (F=17.08, p<.001) of the variance at 4 months, and 90% (F=35.79, p<.001) of the variance at 12 months.

Conclusion: The findings provide theoretical support for the impact personal and contextual factors and cognitive appraisals have on quality of life following a diagnosis of cancer. An improved understanding of the cancer experience enhances the health care community's ability to support survivors and prevent adverse outcomes.

Author Details

Theresa A. Kessler, PhD, RN, ACNS-BC, CNE

Sigma Membership

Zeta Epsilon

Lead Author Affiliation

Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana, USA

Type

Presentation

Format Type

Text-based Document

Study Design/Type

N/A

Research Approach

N/A

Keywords:

Cognitive Appraisal, Cancer, Quality of Life

Conference Name

24th International Nursing Research Congress

Conference Host

Sigma Theta Tau International

Conference Location

Prague, Czech Republic

Conference Year

2013

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Influence of personal and contextual factors and cognitive appraisal on quality of life over time in persons newly diagnosed with cancer

Prague, Czech Republic

Session presented on: Tuesday, July 23, 2013:

Purpose: As cancer treatment has become more successful, measurement of outcomes focusing on quantity, such as disease free survival, mortality, and cancer relapse rates, are insufficient. It is important to understand how individuals newly diagnosed with cancer perceive their experience and manage the day to day effects of treatment over time. The purpose of this study was to assess personal and contextual factors and cognitive appraisals and their impact on quality of life over time for individuals facing a new diagnosis of cancer.

Methods: Using a longitudinal design, 120 individuals were recruited from 3 oncology offices. Data were collected at 3 points: initial diagnosis, 4 months and 12 months following diagnosis. Based on the Transactional model of stress and coping, constructs were measured by a researcher developed instrument to assess personal and contextual factors, the Cognitive Appraisal of Health Scale, and the Quality of Life Index.

Results: The subjects (n = 84) ranged in age from 23 - 78 (M = 62, SD = 13.2). The majority were female (71%), married (79%), and retired 43%. The top 3 cancer diagnoses were: 39% breast, 18% lung, and 11% colon. 43% received chemotherapy as their initial treatment. The 7 independent variables of age, number of symptoms, time since diagnosis, cognitive appraisals of threat, challenge, harm/loss, and benign irrelevant explained 86% (F=64.77, p<.001) of the variance in quality of life scores at initial diagnosis, 79% (F=17.08, p<.001) of the variance at 4 months, and 90% (F=35.79, p<.001) of the variance at 12 months.

Conclusion: The findings provide theoretical support for the impact personal and contextual factors and cognitive appraisals have on quality of life following a diagnosis of cancer. An improved understanding of the cancer experience enhances the health care community's ability to support survivors and prevent adverse outcomes.