Other Titles
Symposium: HIV and intimate partner violence: Risks and relationships among women
Abstract
Session presented on Monday, July 25, 2016:
Purpose: Construct a biobehavioral model of the linkages of Gender Based Violence and HIV acquisition and progression through biological and behavioral risk factors including the physiological stress and immune system dysfunction linkages, STI and vaginal wall physiology, forced anal sex, mental health (depression, PTSD, suicidality), and behavioral risks resulting from violence such as substance abuse, inconsistent condom use, and multiple partners.
Methods: Deductive processes from systematic reviews along with data from a large Case (N = 543 abused) Control (N = 358) study of women in the US Virgin Islands and the US mainland (Baltimore, MD) and a different study of women living with AIDS (N = 200) in San Francisco was used to construct the conceptual model.
Results: Women are at risk for HIV/AIDS through the contextual factors of attitudes toward women and the use of violence, direct risk through actual forced vaginal and anal sex by violent HIV+ partners, and indirect pathways of stress and immune system dysfunction from cumulative trauma (multiple forms of GBV, repeated acts of Intimate Partner Violence - IPV), increased risk of STI's increasing the penetrability of the vaginal wall both physically and physiologically, and behavioral risk such as inability to negotiate safe sex through fear of being beaten, having multiple partners, inconsistent condom use and mental health problems such as PTSD, depression, and substance abuse. Once they have contracted HIV, they are at increased risk for progression of AIDS through decrease delay to testing related to IPV, decrease delay linkage to care related to IPV (IPV increases risk X3), decrease loss to follow up related to IPV (IPV X2), decrease ARV use (IPV < as likely) and consistent use and increased viral suppression (IPV >2X failure; recent trauma > 4X failure). They are also at increased risk for mortality from homicide by the violent partner and suicide.
Conclusion: Gender based violence, especially intimate partner violence complicates prevention of HIV increases transmission and enhances progression of the disease through multiple complicated direct and indirect biobehavioral pathways all of which provide opportunities for interventions.
Sigma Membership
Nu Beta at-Large
Type
Presentation
Format Type
Text-based Document
Study Design/Type
N/A
Research Approach
N/A
Keywords:
HIV/AIDS, Gender Based Violence, Biobehavioral
Recommended Citation
Campbell, Jacquelyn C., "Data based conceptual model of GBV and women's risk for HIV contraction and progression" (2016). INRC (Congress). 210.
https://www.sigmarepository.org/inrc/2016/presentations_2016/210
Conference Name
27th International Nursing Research Congress
Conference Host
Sigma Theta Tau International
Conference Location
Cape Town, South Africa
Conference Year
2016
Rights Holder
All rights reserved by the author(s) and/or publisher(s) listed in this item record unless relinquished in whole or part by a rights notation or a Creative Commons License present in this item record.
All permission requests should be directed accordingly and not to the Sigma Repository.
All submitting authors or publishers have affirmed that when using material in their work where they do not own copyright, they have obtained permission of the copyright holder prior to submission and the rights holder has been acknowledged as necessary.
Acquisition
Proxy-submission
Data based conceptual model of GBV and women's risk for HIV contraction and progression
Cape Town, South Africa
Session presented on Monday, July 25, 2016:
Purpose: Construct a biobehavioral model of the linkages of Gender Based Violence and HIV acquisition and progression through biological and behavioral risk factors including the physiological stress and immune system dysfunction linkages, STI and vaginal wall physiology, forced anal sex, mental health (depression, PTSD, suicidality), and behavioral risks resulting from violence such as substance abuse, inconsistent condom use, and multiple partners.
Methods: Deductive processes from systematic reviews along with data from a large Case (N = 543 abused) Control (N = 358) study of women in the US Virgin Islands and the US mainland (Baltimore, MD) and a different study of women living with AIDS (N = 200) in San Francisco was used to construct the conceptual model.
Results: Women are at risk for HIV/AIDS through the contextual factors of attitudes toward women and the use of violence, direct risk through actual forced vaginal and anal sex by violent HIV+ partners, and indirect pathways of stress and immune system dysfunction from cumulative trauma (multiple forms of GBV, repeated acts of Intimate Partner Violence - IPV), increased risk of STI's increasing the penetrability of the vaginal wall both physically and physiologically, and behavioral risk such as inability to negotiate safe sex through fear of being beaten, having multiple partners, inconsistent condom use and mental health problems such as PTSD, depression, and substance abuse. Once they have contracted HIV, they are at increased risk for progression of AIDS through decrease delay to testing related to IPV, decrease delay linkage to care related to IPV (IPV increases risk X3), decrease loss to follow up related to IPV (IPV X2), decrease ARV use (IPV < as likely) and consistent use and increased viral suppression (IPV >2X failure; recent trauma > 4X failure). They are also at increased risk for mortality from homicide by the violent partner and suicide.
Conclusion: Gender based violence, especially intimate partner violence complicates prevention of HIV increases transmission and enhances progression of the disease through multiple complicated direct and indirect biobehavioral pathways all of which provide opportunities for interventions.