Other Titles

Global disease prevention in influenza

Abstract

Despite significant advances in health care today and the fact that influenza illness is a preventable disease, Influenza virus continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Influenza continues to rank in the top 10 causes of death in the world and infects up to 5 million people annually (WHO, 2014). The Influenza virus is compose of three types: A, B and C. Initially, Influenza virus A was thought to be only present in birds and poultry. However, in recent years, it has come to light that strains of the Influenza virus A, known as the Hemagglutinin proteins(HA) and Neuraminidase (NA) protein has infected humans (CDC,2015). Since that time, the HA,NA(known as H#,N#) strains have continued to mutate and it is now known that up that there are 18 subtypes of H proteins and 11 known subtypes of the N proteins (CDC, 2015). Because of the mutation of these influenza virus proteins over the past several years (2003-2015), mortality rates from influenza, in several countries has risen to greater than 50% (WHO, 2015). In 2012, the Global Influenza Initiative (GII) was created to establish the scientific evidence for the worldwide burden of disease attributable to Influenza virus (Paget, 2015).

Generally, the "flu" infects up to 20% of the general population and will result in over 500,000 deaths each year. Unfortunately, some of our most vulnerable populations: infants, pregnant females and the elderly, are at greatest risk for contracting this disease (Cheng et al, 2015). For example, In 2010, 90% of the influenza deaths that occurred in the USA, were in the elderly population (Heron, 2013). This is despite the fact that the elderly population as a whole, represent the highest compliance rates for immunization (65%).

This presentation will focus on the evolution of influenza viruses throughout the world and the current strategies in place to monitor disease incidence, prevalence and current recommendations for prevention and treatment of both the general and at risk populations. The new quadrivalent and high-dose vaccines will also be discussed as well as policies related to the risk, benefits and effectiveness of these vaccines. (Demicheli et al, 2014).

Author Details

Cathy M. St. Pierre, PhD, APRN, FNP, FAANP

Sigma Membership

Alpha Chi

Type

Presentation

Format Type

Text-based Document

Study Design/Type

N/A

Research Approach

N/A

Keywords:

Disease Prevention, Influenza Viruses, Vulnerable Populations

Conference Name

28th International Nursing Research Congress

Conference Host

Sigma Theta Tau International

Conference Location

Dublin, Ireland

Conference Year

2017

Rights Holder

All rights reserved by the author(s) and/or publisher(s) listed in this item record unless relinquished in whole or part by a rights notation or a Creative Commons License present in this item record.

All permission requests should be directed accordingly and not to the Sigma Repository.

All submitting authors or publishers have affirmed that when using material in their work where they do not own copyright, they have obtained permission of the copyright holder prior to submission and the rights holder has been acknowledged as necessary.

Acquisition

Proxy-submission

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Influenza virus: The evolution of a deadly virus in our world

Dublin, Ireland

Despite significant advances in health care today and the fact that influenza illness is a preventable disease, Influenza virus continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Influenza continues to rank in the top 10 causes of death in the world and infects up to 5 million people annually (WHO, 2014). The Influenza virus is compose of three types: A, B and C. Initially, Influenza virus A was thought to be only present in birds and poultry. However, in recent years, it has come to light that strains of the Influenza virus A, known as the Hemagglutinin proteins(HA) and Neuraminidase (NA) protein has infected humans (CDC,2015). Since that time, the HA,NA(known as H#,N#) strains have continued to mutate and it is now known that up that there are 18 subtypes of H proteins and 11 known subtypes of the N proteins (CDC, 2015). Because of the mutation of these influenza virus proteins over the past several years (2003-2015), mortality rates from influenza, in several countries has risen to greater than 50% (WHO, 2015). In 2012, the Global Influenza Initiative (GII) was created to establish the scientific evidence for the worldwide burden of disease attributable to Influenza virus (Paget, 2015).

Generally, the "flu" infects up to 20% of the general population and will result in over 500,000 deaths each year. Unfortunately, some of our most vulnerable populations: infants, pregnant females and the elderly, are at greatest risk for contracting this disease (Cheng et al, 2015). For example, In 2010, 90% of the influenza deaths that occurred in the USA, were in the elderly population (Heron, 2013). This is despite the fact that the elderly population as a whole, represent the highest compliance rates for immunization (65%).

This presentation will focus on the evolution of influenza viruses throughout the world and the current strategies in place to monitor disease incidence, prevalence and current recommendations for prevention and treatment of both the general and at risk populations. The new quadrivalent and high-dose vaccines will also be discussed as well as policies related to the risk, benefits and effectiveness of these vaccines. (Demicheli et al, 2014).